| †Acanthacanthus[1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] | A vesperaliid based on scales.[2] |
| †Acanthodopsis | Valid. | Carboniferous.[3] | Europe, Australia.[3] | An unusual acanthodid with tooth-like ossifications on its jaws.[3] |
| †Acanthopora[1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] | A small ischnacanthid similar to Poracanthodes.[1] |
| †Acanthospina[1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] | A probable ischnacanthiform with scales similar to hybodontiform sharks.[1][3] |
| †Acanthodes | Valid. | Devonian? to Cisuralian (Early Permian).[4] | Europe, North America, China? | One of the most well-known acanthodians, a filter-feeding acanthodid acanthodiform. |
| †Acritolepis[1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] | Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Acritolepidae.[2][5] |
| †Aganacanthus | Valid or junior synonym. | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous. | Scotland. | A possible gyracanthid known from a single worn fin spine, may be an indeterminate gnathostome or a junior synonym of Gyracanthus.[6] |
| †Ankylacanthus[7] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian).[7] | Canada.[7] | An acanthodian based on fin spines, possibly one of the oldest gyracanthids. |
| †Antacanthus | Nomen dubium? | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous.[8] | Belgium.[8] | A possible gyracanthid known from a single fin spine.[9][6] |
| †Antarctonchus[10] | Valid. | Givetian (Middle Devonian).[10] | Antarctica.[10] | An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts.[10] |
| †Apateacanthus | Valid. | Late Devonian.[3] | New York, U.S.A.[3] | Based on a fin spine with large denticles, sometimes mistaken for an ischnacanthiform jaw.[3] |
| †Archaeacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian).[11] | Europe.[11] | Based on fin spines common in Middle Devonian strata of Siberia and Northeastern Europe.[11] |
| †Arcticacanthus[1] | Valid. | Early Lochkovian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[1] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[1] | A possible ischnacanthid based on scales.[1] |
| †Arenaceacanthus[12] | Valid. | Wenlock to early Pridoli (Silurian).[13][12] | Lithuania.[12] | A probable ischnacanthid based on scales, common in Lithuania.[12] |
| †Atopacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Early Famennian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[14][15] | North America, Europe,[14] Iran.[15] | A widespread and long-lived ischnacanthid.[14] |
| †Brachyacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[16] | Scotland.[17] | A small climatiid[16] from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of Scotland.[17] |
| †Bracteatacanthus[12] | Valid. | Latest Pridoli (latest Silurian).[13][12] | Lithuania.[12] | A probable ischnacanthid based on scales.[12] |
| †Brochoadmones | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[18] | Canada.[18] | A deep-bodied and well-preserved "climatiiform" from the Man-On-The-Hill (MOTH) locality in the MacKenzie Mountains of Canada.[18] |
| †Bryantonchus[19] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] | U.S.A.[19] | A probable diplacanthiform based on fin spines.[19] |
| †Byssacanthoides | Valid. | Givetian (Middle Devonian).[10] | Antarctica.[10] | An Antarctic acanthodian based on fin spine casts.[10] |
| †Cacheacanthus[19] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] | U.S.A.[19] | Based on ischnacanthid jaw fragments from the western United States.[19] |
| †Campylodus | Nomen dubium? | Ludlow[20] to Lochkovian?[21] (late Silurian to earliest Devonian)? | Europe.[20][21] | Jaw fragments probably belonging to indeterminate ischnacanthiforms.[20][21] |
| †Canadalepis | Valid. | Lochkovian?[22] to Emsian (Early Devonian).[23][24] | Asia,[23] Australia,[24] Canada.[22] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[23][24][22] |
| †Carycinacanthus | Junior synonym.[4] | Tournaisian (earliest Mississippian / Carboniferous).[4] | Russia.[4] | A junior synonym of Acanthodes lopatini.[4] |
| †Cassidiceps[25] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[25] | Canada.[25] | A toothless, deep-bodied MOTH locality acanthodian with complex head armor.[25] Probably closely related to the acanthodiforms.[26] |
| †Cheiracanthoides | Valid. | Pridoli to Frasnian (latest Silurian to Late Devonian).[13][27] | Worldwide. | A widespread and long-lasting possible climatiid based on scales.[27] |
| †Cheiracanthus | Valid. | Middle Devonian.[28] | Europe.[28] | The fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform famly Cheiracanthidae.[28] |
| †Climatius | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[29] | U.K.,[29][30] Portugal.[21] | The namesake of the family Climatiidae.[29] |
| †Culmacanthus | Valid. | Givetian to Frasnian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[31][32] | Australia,[31][32] Antarctica.[10] | A distinctive diplacanthiform with reduced intermediate spines and large cheek plates.[31][32] |
| †Devononchus | Valid. | Givetian[11] to Famennian[33] (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian). | Europe. | Based on fin spines and scales common in the areas corresponding to Baltica. |
| †Diplacanthus | Valid. | Middle Devonian[34] to Late Devonian.[35] | Scotland,[34] Russia,[1] South Africa,[35] Canada?[34] | The widespread, long-lasting, and fairly common namesake of the family Diplacanthidae and order Diplacanthiformes.[34] |
| †Doliodus | Valid (non-acanthodian). | Emsian (Early Devonian).[36] | Canada.[37][36] | A spiny stem-chondrichthyan which acts as a transitional form between acanthodians and non-acanthodian traditional chondrichthyans.[37][38] |
| †Eifellepis | Valid. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22] | Germany, Belgium.[22] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2] |
| †Erriwacanthus | Valid. | Pragian (Early Devonian).[39] | U.K., Ukraine.[40] | A climatiid with large and complex spines on its shoulder girdle.[40] |
| †Endemolepis | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (latest Silurian to Early Devonian).[12] | Europe.[12] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[12] |
| †Erymnacanthus[41] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[41] | Canada.[41] | A medium-sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid.[41] |
| †Eupleurogmus | Nomen dubium.[42] | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous?[42] | Australia.[42] | A dubious taxon based on Acanthodes-like scales.[42] |
| †Euryacanthus[41] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[41] | Canada.[41] | A medium-sized MOTH locality ischnacanthid.[41] |
| †Euthacanthus | Valid. | Early Lochkovian (earliest Devonian).[30] | U.K.[30] | A slender acanthodian of uncertain affinities, despite its well-described anatomy.[43] |
| †Fallodentus[44] | Valid. | Givetian (Middle Devonian).[44] | Scotland.[44] | A cheiracanthid acanthodiform closely related to Homalacanthus.[44] |
| †Fecundosquama[12] | Valid. | Pridoli (late Silurian).[13] | Lithuania.[12] | A tchunacanthid[2] based on scales.[12] |
| †Florestacanthus[45] | Valid. | Late Frasnian to early Famennian (Late Devonian).[45] | Colombia.[45] | A diplacanthid diplacanthiform and one of the few acanthodians endemic to northwestern Gondwana (now South America).[45] |
| †Gemuendolepis | Valid? | Early Devonian.[46] | Germany.[47] | A poorly-described taxon based on scales. |
| †Ginkgolepis[48] | Valid. | Eifelian to Famennian? (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[48] | Estonia, Russia.[48] | A cheiracanthid acanthodiform based on scales.[48] |
| †Gladbachus | Valid (non-acanthodian?). | Givetian (Middle Devonian).[49] | Germany.[49] | A large filter-feeding stem-chondrichthyan, sometimes positioned among acanthodians despite its very dissimilar anatomy.[49] |
| †Gladiobranchus | Junior synonym?[50] | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[51] | Canada.[51] | A well-preserved diplacanthiform which may be synonymous with Uraniacanthus curtus.[50] |
| †Gomphacanthus[52] | Nomen dubium? | Carboniferous. | England.[52] | A possible gyracanthid based on a worn fin spine.[53] |
| †Gomphonchoporus | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[54] | Europe,[54] Australia,[55] Canada,[56] Greenland.[39] | A widespread poracanthodid based on scales.[54] |
| †Gomphonchus | Valid. | Ludlow to Emsian? (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[54][57] | Europe,[54] Australia?, China?[57] | A widespread ischnacanthid primarily based on scales.[54] |
| †Granulacanthus[58] | Valid. | Late Wenlock or early Ludlow (Silurian).[58] | Canada.[58] | A possible ischnacanthiform[20] based on distinctive fin spines.[58] |
| †Grenfellacanthus[59] | Valid. | Latest Famennian (latest Devonian).[59] | Australia.[59] | One of the youngest and largest ischnacanthids, nearly a meter in length.[59] |
| †Gyracanthides | Valid. | Pragian to Visean (Early Devonian to Mississippian).[6] | Worldwide.[6] | A long-lasting and widespread gyracanthid with flattened fin spines.[9][6] |
| †Gyracanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian to Moscovian (Early Devonian to Pennsylvanian)[6] | Europe, North America, Bolivia?[6] | The long-lasting namesake of the family Gyracanthidae.[6] |
| †Hanilepis | Valid. | Late Ludlow (late Silurian).[60] | China.[60] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[60] |
| †Halimacanthodes[61] | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[61] | Australia.[61] | A howittacanthid acanthodiform, the only acanthodian known from the Gogo Formation lagerstätte.[61] |
| †Haplacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to early Famennian (Middle Devonian to Late Devonian).[11][33] | Europe, Greenland.[11] | A cheiracanthid[44] acanthodiform based on fin spines common in the areas corresponding to Baltica.[11] |
| †Helenacanthus | Valid? (non-acanthodian)[3] | Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] | Wyoming, U.S.A.[3] | Has historically been considered acanthodian material, but probably armor from an actinolepid placoderm instead.[3] |
| †Helolepis | Junior synonym. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[24] | Ohio, U.S.A.[24] | A junior synonym of Cheiracanthoides comptus.[62] |
| †Homacanthus | Junior synonym? | Eifelian (Middle Devonian)[11] to Pennsylvanian?[37] | Europe,[11] North America?[37] | An acanthodian based on fin spines, though many of its species and specimens have been re-assigned to other taxa.[34][37] |
| †Homalacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[63] | Canada.[63] | A cheiracanthid[44] acanthodiform known to have played a large role in the food chain of the Miguasha Lagerstätte.[63] |
| †Howittacanthus[42] | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[42] | Australia.[42] | The abundant namesake of the acanthodiform family Howittacanthidae.[64][61] |
| †Iranolepis[65] | Valid. | Early Frasnian (Late Devonian).[65] | Iran.[65] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[65] |
| †Ischnacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[66] | U.K.,[30][66] Portugal.[21] | The abundant namesake of the ischnacanthiforms.[66] |
| †Kathemacanthus[25] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[25] | Canada.[25] | A Brochoadmones-like acanthodian from the MOTH locality, with a "necklace" of artichoke-shaped scales similar to those of chondrichthyans.[25][67] |
| †Laliacanthus | Valid. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22][11] | Europe,[11] Saudi Arabia.[22] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[22] |
| †Latviacanthus[68] | Valid. | "upper Lower Devonian"[68] | Latvia.[68] | A possible climatiid with large ischnacanthiform-like jaw plates.[68][18] |
| †Lenacanthus | Valid. | Early Llandovery (earliest Silurian).[2] | Russia.[2] | A tchunacanthid based on scales, one of the earliest acanthodians.[2] |
| †Lijiangichthys | Valid. | Pragian (Early Devonian).[23] | China.[23] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[23] |
| †Lodeacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[69] | Latvia.[69] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform known from a complete growth series.[69][70] |
| †Lupopsyrus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[26] | Canada.[26] | A MOTH locality acanthodian with two rows of enlarged scales on either side of its body.[26] |
| †Machaeracanthus | Valid. | Late Silurian to Eifelian (Middle Devonian).[71] | Worldwide.[71] | A widespread possible ischnacanthiform which occupies its own monotypic family.[71] |
| †Machaeraporus[56] | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[56] | Canada, Europe.[72][56] | A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[56] |
| †Markacanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian).[44] | Belarus, Scotland.[44] | A fairly typical cheiracanthid acanthodiform.[44] |
| †Marsdenius | Valid. | Mississippian / Early Carboniferous.[3] | England.[3] | An obscure possible ischnacanthid based on a specimen which is now lost.[3][58] |
| †Melanoacanthus[70] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian).[70] | Canada.[70] | A small mesacanthid acanthodiform with broad head plates.[70] |
| †Mesacanthus | Valid. | Early Devonian to Middle Devonian.[73] | Scotland.[73] | The small but fairly common namesake of the acanthodiform family Mesacanthidae.[73] |
| †Milesacanthus[10] | Valid. | Pragian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[10][65] | Worldwide.[22] | A widespread diplacanthid diplacanthiform.[10][22] |
| †Minioracanthus | Valid. | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian).[11] | Europe.[11] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2] |
| †Monopleurodus | Valid. | Pridoli (late Silurian). | Estonia.[74] | Poorly-known. |
| †Monospina | Valid. | Late Pridoli (latest Silurian).[13] | Latvia, Lithuania.[13] | An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[2] |
| †Nerepisacanthus[20] | Valid. | Ludlow to late Pridoli (late Silurian).[20][5] | Canada.[5] | An acritolepid ischnacanthiform and one of the most well-preserved Silurian acanthodians.[5] |
| †Nobilesquama[2] | Valid. | Lochkovian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[2] | Russia.[2] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2] |
| †Nodocosta | Valid. | Emsian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[19] | Europe, U.S.A.[19] | A possible climatiid based on fin spines.[19] |
| †Nodonchus | Junior synonym? | Lochkovian (Early Devonian). | England,[30] Saudi Arabia?[22] | Based on fin spines, but may be a junior synonym of Parexus.[30] |
| †Nostolepis | Valid. | Wenlock to early Frasnian (mid-Silurian to Late Devonian).[13][33] | Worldwide.[2] | One of the most widespread, long-lasting, and abundant acanthodians based primarily on scales.[2] |
| †Nostovicina[2] | Valid. | Pridoli to Emsian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[2] | Worldwide.[2] | A widespread indeterminate acanthodian based on scales and fin spines.[2] |
| †Obruchevacanthus[75] | Valid. | Late Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[75] | Spain.[75] | A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform closely related to Trundlelepis.[75] |
| †Obtusacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[76] | Canada.[76] | An unusual MOTH locality gnathostome, likely an acanthodian closely related to true chondrichthyans. Despite lacking teeth, it was a predator with specialized lip scales.[76] |
| †Onchus | Valid. | Late Llandovery?[77] to Famennian (early Silurian to Late Devonian).[78] | Europe, North America. | A possible ischnacanthiform based on fin spines; may be one of the oldest known acanthodians.[3] |
| †Oracanthus | Valid? | Mississippian. | Europe, North America. | A poorly-known gyracanthid based on fin spines.[9][6] |
| †Paranostolepis | Valid. | Late Devonian. | Canada. | A poorly-known indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2] |
| †Parexus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[16] | U.K.[16] | A climatiid with a massive first dorsal fin spine.[16] |
| †Paucicanthus[79] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[79] | Canada.[79] | A MOTH locality acanthodian lacking spines on the pectoral and pelvic fins.[79] |
| †Pechoralepis[2] | Valid. | Pridoli to Givetian (late Silurian to Middle Devonian).[2][80] | Russia,[2] Antarctica.[80] | An acritolepid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[2][80] |
| †Peregrinosquama[2] | Valid. | Lower Emsian (Early Devonian).[2] | Russia.[2] | An indeterminate acanthodian based on scales.[2] |
| †Persacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[15] | Iran, Russia, North America.[15] | An ischnacanthid very closely related to Atopacanthus.[15] |
| †Pinnacanthus | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] | Wyoming, U.S.A.[19] | An acanthodian based on fin spines.[19] |
| †Plectrodus | Valid. | Ludlow (late Silurian).[30] | England.[30] | An ischnacanthid commonly confused with Ischnacanthus.[21][30] |
| †Protodus | Valid (non-acanthodian). | Late Pragian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[81] | Canada.[81] | Chondrichthyan teeth originally misidentified as belonging to acanthodiians, due to their similarity to the teeth of a Nostolepis specimen from Scotland.[81][82] |
| †Podoliacanthus[39] | Valid. | Pridoli? to Lochkovian (late Silurian? to Early Devonian).[39] | Greenland, Ukraine.[39] | A small ischnacanthid.[39] |
| †Poracanthodes | Valid. | Ludlow? to Pragian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[83] | Europe, North America.[83] | Namesake of the ischnacanthiform family Poracanthodidae.[83][3] |
| †Promesacanthus[84] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[84] | Canada.[84] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the MOTH locality, with small prepectoral spines similar to "climatiiforms".[84] |
| †Protogonacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[42] | Germany.[42] | A cheiracanthid acanthodiform preferring a marine environment.[42] |
| †Pruemolepis | Valid? | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22][11] | Europe.[22][11] | A possible climatiid based on scales similar to some species of Nostolepis.[22] |
| †Pseudacanthodes | Valid or junior synonym. | Moscovian (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).[85] | Czechia.[85] | An eel-like acanthodid acanthodiform, possibly a junior synonym of Traquairichthys.[79][64] |
| †Ptomacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[86] | England,[86] Ukraine.[87] | One of the few non-Acanthodes acanthodians with a well-described braincase and gill system, helping to clarify the group's relations with other fishes.[86][87] |
| †Ptychodictyon | Valid. | Emsian to Givetian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[19] | Europe, U.S.A.[19] | A diplacanthid[10] diplacanthiform based on scales.[19] |
| †Pucapampella | Valid (non-acanthodian?). | Eifelian to Givetian (Middle Devonian). | Bolivia. | A chondrichthyan-like braincase sometimes positioned among acanthodians.[49] |
| †Radioporacanthodes | Valid. | Ludlow to Emsian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[72][23] | Worldwide.[72][88][23][89] | A widespread poracanthodid ischnacanthiform primarily based on scales.[89] |
| †Rhadinacanthus | Valid. | Emsian to Famennian? (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[34][11][33] | Europe, China, Canada.[34][11] | A diplacanthid diplacanthiform similar to, but distinct from, Diplacanthus.[34] |
| †Rockycampacanthus[90] | Valid. | Late Emsian (Early Devonian).[90] | Australia.[90] | A distinctive marine ischnacanthid.[90] |
| †Rohonilepis[12] | Valid. | Ludlow to Pridoli (late Silurian).[12] | Lithuania,[12] Latvia. | A possible ischnacanthid based on scales.[12] |
| †Sabrinacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[30] | England.[30] | A climatiid with a large shoulder girdle.[21] |
| †Serradentus[91] | Valid. | Late Givetian (Middle Devonian).[91] | Spitsbergen.[91] | A medium-sized ischnacanthiform.[91] |
| †Sevyacanthus[19] | Valid. | Emsian (Early Devonian).[19] | U.S.A.[19] | A climatiid with complex spine plates.[19] |
| †Sinacanthus | Valid (non-acanthodian). | Silurian to Early Devonian. | Asia.[92] | Namesake of the sinacanthids, a group of spined gnathostomes which are likely chondrichthyans.[92] |
| †Striacanthus | Valid. | Pragian to Frasnian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[93] | Europe,[93] Australia.[32] | A diplacanthiform based on elongated fin spines.[93] |
| †Taemasacanthus[90] | Valid. | Late Emsian (Early Devonian).[90] | Australia.[90] | A moderately large marine ischnacanthid.[90] |
| †Taimyrolepis | Valid. | Pridoli to Lochkovian (late Silurian to Early Devonian).[54] | Russia.[54] | A possible poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[54] |
| †Tareyacanthus | Valid. | Pragian to Emsian (Early Devonian).[24][12] | Europe,[12] Australia.[24] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[24] |
| †Tchunacanthus | Valid. | Late Llandovery (early Silurian).[2] | Russia.[2] | A tchunacanthid based on scales.[2] |
| †Teneracanthus[94] | Valid. | Late Emsian to Famennian (Early Devonian to Late Devonian).[94][78] | Australia,[94] Belgium.[78] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform closely related to Lodeacanthus.[94] |
| †Tetanopsyrus[95] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[95] | Canada.[95] | A distinctive diplacanthiform from the MOTH locality.[95] |
| †Traquairia | Junior synonym. | Moscovian (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).[85] | Czechia. | Junior synonym of Traquiairichthys.[96] |
| †Traquairichthys | Valid. | Moscovian to Leonardian? (Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous to Early Permian).[85][96] | Czechia,[85] Greenland?, Texas, U.S.A.?[96] | An eel-like acanthodid acanthodiform.[64] |
| †Triazeugacanthus | Valid. | Frasnian (Late Devonian).[97] | Canada.[97] | A mesacanthid acanthodiform from the Miguasha Lagerstätte, with one of the best-known ontogenetic series of all acanthodians.[97] |
| †Tricuspicanthus[41] | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[41] | Canada.[41] | A small MOTH locality ischnacanthid.[41] |
| †Trundlelepis[24] | Valid. | Lochkovian to Pragian (Early Devonian).[24] | Australia,[24] Nevada, U.S.A.?[88] | A poracanthodid ischnacanthiform based on scales.[39] |
| †Uraniacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[50] | U.K., Canada?[50] | A long-spined gladiobranchid diplacanthiform, sometimes misidentified as an ischnacanthiform.[50] |
| †Utahacanthus[98] | Valid. | Namurian (early Pennsylvanian / Late Carboniferous).[98] | Utah, U.S.A.[98] | An acanthodid acanthodiform with three prominent otoliths.[98] |
| †Vernicomacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[30] | U.K.[30] | A rare climatiid with denticulated fin spines.[16] |
| †Vesperalia[12] | Valid. | Late Pridoli (late Silurian).[13] | Lithuania.[12] | A vesperaliid based on scales.[2] |
| †Watsonacanthus | Valid. | Emsian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[1] | Europe,[1] Australia.[99] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[1] |
| †Wetteldorfia | Valid. | Lochkovian to Eifelian (Early Devonian to Middle Devonian).[22] | Germany, Spain, Australia, Saudi Arabia.[22] | A possible climatiid based on scales.[22] |
| †Xylacanthus | Valid. | Late Wenlock (mid-Silurian) to Pragian (Early Devonian).[58] | Spitsbergen, Canada.[58] | An ischnacanthid containing both the largest species of acanthodians (X. grandis at 2.5 meters long) and one of the oldest species (X. kenstewarti).[3][58] |
| †Yealepis[100] | Valid. | Ludlow (late Silurian).[100] | Australia.[100] | A large but indeterminate acanthodian which seems to lack fin spines.[100][79] |
| †Zemlyacanthus | Valid. | Lochkovian (Early Devonian).[66] | Severnaya Zemlya, Russia.[3] | One of the few poracanthodid ischnacanthiforms known from articulated skeletons.[ |
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